Belonging: ‘Feliks Skrzynecki’, ‘Migrant Hostel’ and Photo Essay ‘Belongings: Felt, Presented, Challenged’

Belonging is the ability of an individual to reconcile identity with their social environment. Peter Skrzynecki’s poems Feliks Skrzynecki and Migrant Hostel from the anthology ‘Immigrant Chronicle’ explore this concept in relation to migrants during the post WWII period and are reflections of Henri Tajfel’s social identity theory. The photo essay entitled Belongings; felt, presented, challenged transfers these same principles to a modern context, illustrating the enduring nature of the struggle humanity faces in the endeavour to belong.Feliks’ gardening in Feliks Skrzynecki can be seen as a response to the years of forced labour in Germany which left him at the mercy of bigger tides in the affairs of humanity. Once in Australia as part of the post WWII influx of migrants, Feliks devotes himself to creating an environment which he can control. Stanza one and two establishes a sense of comfort and familiarity within the niche he has created for himself . Feliks recognises that belonging is gained through the possession of particular socially valued and accepted criteria.In an Australian context, uniformity is made the criteria for belonging, something which Feliks himself does not value highly, as expressed in â€Å"Did your father ever attempt to learn English? † The condescending tone employed portrays the perceived societal value of assimilation and the representation of an unwelcoming society as seen from a migrant’s perspective. Henri Tajfel’s social identity theory states that a person’s sense of self is based on their group membership(s); that in order to increase our self-image we enhance the status of the group to which we belong (in group) and discriminate against the groups that we do not (out group).Peter Skrzynecki presents a contradictory self-categorisation in the poem Feliks Skrzynecki. â€Å"His (fathers) Polish friends always shook hands too violently† connotes cultural exclusiv ity and the affinity of the persona with a non-Polish culture. Child voice serves to highlight the generation divide between Feliks and his son as Peter seeks to strengthen his sense of belonging in his new Australian culture by establishing his father and â€Å"his Polish friends† as the ‘out group’.Conversely and simultaneously, the persona distinguishes himself from the Australian bureaucracy through the use of derogatory, stereotypical language: â€Å"A crew cut, grey haired department clerk who asked me in dancing bear grunts†. This highlights the difficulty of establishing a sense of belonging when conflicted with two cultural identities. The poem Migrant Hostel (Parkes 1949-51) explores the alienation of and animosity shown towards ‘newcomers’ to Australian society. â€Å"Nationalities sought each other out instinctively† connotes the importance of familiarity, as expressed in Feliks Skrzynecki.Individuals are more able to reconc ile their personal identity with the inherent need to belong to a group in a known and familiar environment. The emotional and physical security provided by one’s own cultural group is evidence of the pre-programmed biological need to form ‘tribes’. The migrants are dehumanised through a lack of information- â€Å"left us wondering† and â€Å"unaware†. The migrants pose a threat to current Australian pattern of existence and the construct of social Darwinism dictates that the new threat must be eliminated.In order for the individuals to maintain their feelings of belonging, the two groups are in a constant state of competition; hence the hostility felt by the migrants is a result of competing identities. Consequently the perception that we must learn our right to belong permeates society. Belonging is not an inherent right of the human being, but something that is earned through socially valued criteria. Just as Feliks is denied acceptance by Austra lian society in Feliks Skrzynecki, so too are the migrants by â€Å"a barrier at the main gate†¦.Pointed in reprimand or shame†. The migrants are made to feel prisoners, subverted to authority and â€Å"needing its sanction† to live their lives. Due to their alternate cultural identity migrants are excluded and alienated from society, revealing that t concept of belonging is heavily based on dominant culture. Belongings: felt, presented, challenged explores perhaps the most conflicting yet thought provoking aspect of belonging; that of the struggle between society’s expectations of conformity and the individuals search for a unique sense of identity.The photo essay is compiled of images taken by victims persecuted for choosing not to belong to the popular vision of society. In the post 9/11 context, where choosing not to belong can result in civil wars and racial persecution, this simultaneous need to belong to society and an individual’s own search for identity are harshly conflicted. Individual torment and dislocation is experienced by thousands of people as they become the casualties of an internal jihad of ethics and instinct.The control exerted over these people is a gross exaggeration of the control portrayed in Migrant Hostel and represents the dire consequences of the inability of the individual to reconcile personal identity with their social environment. The ability is indeed affected by the nature of the individual’s context. The ideas about belonging communicated in Belongings: felt, presented, challenged are such that some milieu do not foster individual thought but rely solely on conformity as a basis for belonging. Any deviance from this structure results in persecution and in extreme cases, genocide.To a lesser extent, Peter Skrzynecki experienced these feelings of oppression and conveys the emotional isolation involved in the process of migration and assimilation. Migrant Hostel reveals the perception th at we must earn our right to belong and the opposition faced by competing groups. Feliks Skrzynecki further explores this concept, looking at the effects of conflicting cultural identities on an individual and the affiliation with competing ‘in’ and ‘out’ groups. Thus belonging is determined by the ability to reconcile personal identity with social environment.

Role of Nurses in Gestational Diabetes

The role of nurses in gestational diabetes. (DIABETES CARE)(Brief Article) Journal of Diabetes Nursing | May 1, 2003 | Assignment 2 Research studies, recently conducted in America, have found that diet and exercise play an important role in predisposing a woman for gestational diabetes (GD). This study compared the rate of insulin treatment and perinatal outcome in women with gestational diabetes under endocrinologist-based versus diabetes nurse-based metabolic management. A total of 244 participants received endocrinologist-based care and 283 participants received diabetes nurse-based care.A retrospective analysis was carried out comparing maternal characteristics, rate of insulin treatment and perinatal insulin requirements, in comparison with those who had used diet and exercise as a controlling factor for their diabetes. Pregnancy imposes a great amount of stress on most bodily functions and it is certain that glucose metabolism is no exception. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus is a type of diabetes, which occurs during pregnancy, distinct from the condition that already existed.It is defined as a glucose intolerance of variable degrees with onset or first recognition during pregnancy; it will generally develop in the latter half of the pregnancy and will improve after delivery (Colman, 2004). Gestational Diabetes is generally not dangerous to either mother or fetus. The disease itself is usually mild and even asymptotic; however there is an increased incidence of foetal and perinatal complications (Guthrie & Guthrie, 2004). In addition, if an unreasonable amount of sugar is allowed to circulate in the mother’s blood and then to enter the fetal circulation, potential problems for both mother and baby are serious.The mother’s pancreas work’s overtime to produce insulin, but it is not enough to lower blood sugar levels. Glucose will then cross the placental barrier, increasing work on the pancreas of the fetus, which uses insulin to conv ert the glucose into energy. The baby has more energy than is required so it converts this energy into fat stores, resulting in large birth weight babies and all the problems that can be associated with that (http://diabetes. org). At each visit to the doctor a sample of urine is taken, this is then tested for glucose levels.Sugar in the urine may be the first indications of Gestational Diabetes. Also, during the fifth month a glucose tolerance test is now a routine test for pregnant women. A Glucose Tolerance Test is when the women provide a blood sample taken before and after consuming a glucose drink, glucose levels >9. 0mmol/l indicate Gestational Diabetes is present. However this may be performed earlier on someone who is considered as being at risk (Colman, 2004). The incidence of gestational Diabetes has increased a significant amount, between35% and 59%, over the past ten years (http://diabetes. rg). Studies have found that the figures have shown an alarming incline in th e amount of women being diagnosed with this gestational Diabetes. It is now believed that between 2 and 12% of pregnant women suffer from Gestational Diabetes (Guthrie & Guthrie, 2002). Testing has now become routine for pregnant mothers, so it is being discovered earlier in the pregnancy and as a result is now being treated much sooner. Because of this routine testing the chance of miscarriage and perinatal loss has been greatly reduced.The survival rate of these infants has increased from less than 70% a few years ago to nearly 98% now, a figure which has only come about through care specializing in diabetes in pregnancy, routine testing of all pregnant women and the best care available (Guthrie & Guthrie, 2002). Even though gestational Diabetes is now being discovered more often and being medically controlled a woman who has had Gestational Diabetes will have a much higher chance of developing diabetes later in life.If insulin was required as treatment, there is a 50% cha nce of diabetes within 5years, and even if the diabetes was dietary controlled there is still a 60% chance of developing diabetes within 10-15 years (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2007-08). With these alarming figures it is obvious that further understanding of the treatment and control of gestational diabetes is necessary. From the whole number of applicants, researchers then divide participants into stratified samples; containing those who were at risk for gestational Diabetes and those who had no known predisposing factors.Each of these strata was then further divided into halves, with one half continuing their usual daily activities and progress through the pregnancy with current medical assistance available. The other half of the group was required to stick to a strict regime of healthy diet and exercising at least once a week, more if they wish. There was an initial interview conducted between the 6-12 week period of pregnancy, during the first trimester, to ensure that the required information is collected and any information can be supplied and ensure that is understood.The interview incorporated data from the year prior to conception and continued until 2 months following the births of the children. All participants were required to test daily their Blood Glucose Level (BGL) and also test their urine for sugar and record their findings. While there would be an occasional increase in glucose levels during pregnancy, persistently high levels would indicate Gestational Diabetes and a Glucose Tolerance Test was conducted. Weekly follow ups were conducted to ensure all information was recorded accurately, and also permitted time for the participant to discuss any concerns that had arisen.However pregnancy requires a number of checkups, increasing towards the later trimester, so data was also collected through the ante natal clinics. After delivery another Glucose Tolerance Test was performed to evaluate for preexisting Diabetes and it also allowed time for any complications for the newborn to arise. For the purpose of this study I feel that a larger number would be required to make certain that there would be women who are at risk, have had gestational diabetes and have never suffered from this condition before, and would also allow for the inevitable elimination of some of the participants.This was a quantitative research process, there was a need to interview, assess and gather personal information on the study participants. Some participants may deem this an invasion of privacy. To ensure that no emotional or psychological damage occurs to the participants it would be extremely important to ensure that there would be the strictest confidentiality with the information provided and that it would only be shared with those who require the data.The aim of this research is to understand whether gestational Diabetes can be avoided all together, or whether it can be treated more effectively, providing a better health outcome for the fe tus and mother. By providing conclusions, which benefit society, the principle of Beneficence can be achieved (Roberts and Taylor, 2002). An even more critical consideration is the health and well being of the participants. All women are naturally concerned that their baby will be healthy and normal; a researcher must be able to ensure that no harm will come to the mother or child.The principle of non-malfeasance, makes certain that no injury will occur to either mother or fetus, that the participants are not exploited in any way and that the benefit to the community outweighs any risk that may be present (Roberts and Taylor, 2002). At all times, the participants were treated with respect, confidentiality and their physical and mental welfare was maintained. The most important point to remember here is effective communication, the participants understood exactly what was being researched, and they received accurate information on when, where, how, why and who.They were given educati on sessions on how to use any of the equipment that had been supplied. The equipment used were Urine dipstick and BGL machine, requiring only a small amount of training to make sure they were used properly. As the researcher, it is important to be precise and clear about this information to ensure that participants show up, on time and at the right place. (Roberts and Taylor, 2002). By incorporating the interviews and research into their ante- natal care visits, which would normally take place; the researchers avoided any complications arising from data collection.Participants were required to provide accurate, detailed and correct information on their experiences for the research to be valid and have any true meanings. This requires a great amount of trust on the researcher behalf. By ensuring that the participants understood the importance of this study, for their own health as well as the wider community, it would be hoped that the participants would record precise information. F or many people, being diagnosed with gestational diabetes can be upsetting. Treatment for gestational diabetes substantially reduces adverse perinatal outcomes and improves maternal quality of life.Optimal proven treatment for gestational diabetes includes review by a diabetes educator, dietitian and physician, with insulin used if glycaemic targets are not achieved with dietary control alone. Screening for gestational diabetes should be offered to all pregnant women. Maternity service providers should ensure that adequate resources are devoted to the detection and treatment of gestational diabetes.References Australian Bureau of Statistics. National Health Survey, 2007-08 http://www. abs. gov. au 10/04/10 Colman, M. 2004, Diabetes and you: An owner’s Manual, Diabetes Australia, Melbourne. Diabetes Australia. Diabetes and Pregnancy, http://diabetes. org/gestational-diabetes 05/04/10 Guthrie, D. A. & Guthrie, R. A. , 2004, Nursing Management of Diabetes Mellitus: Fifth Edi tion, Springer Publishing Company, New York. Roberts, K. L. & Taylor, B. J. , 2002, Nursing Research Processes: An Australian Perspective, 2nd Ed. , Nelson Thomas Learning, Southbank, VIC. The role of nurses in gestational diabetes. DIABETES CARE, Journal of Diabetes Nursing, May 1, 2003|

Office Automation and Group Collaboration Software Essay

As the business becomes smaller and smaller due to globalization making the business environment more dynamic and competitive, organizations of today are fast realizing the importance of information as an critical asset to successes. This in turn increases the importance of automated soft wares and group collaborations systems, which make information management and use more efficient and effective. This articles explores how Office Automation and group collaboration Systems like Groove are increasingly applied to manual business functions in a network of computers in an organization, which help in business communications, writing reports, saving information and statistics, and group of people working on a project from different location and same or different time frames, all integrated in automated software which saves both time and money increasing the work productivity of the employees. An office automation system heavily relies on a network of workstations in order to create an uninterrupted and fast approach to sending and receiving information in a timely fashion. This can be a local Area Network or LAN for local destinations, for example a network of computers with in a building etc or it can also spread across countries through a Wide Area Network (WAN), which can also be use send instant messages across . this network also provides a secures work space for individual workstations to share and work on documents using groove as a group collaboration software. The functions of an Office Automation System include electronic publishing soft wares which allow users to create documents, edit them as and when requires, insert tables, charts or any other graphics, electronically store important documents and even print them in the form of memos, periodic or ad hoc reports and letters, all these functions are performed by word processing soft wares where as a desktop publishing software can also be used for professional documents for examples brochure, and by making use of available templates for magazines etc Then we have Electronic communication soft wares, as a part of the Office Automation System used for face to face communication with executives in other cities or countries through desktop video conferencing incase of two employees communicating with each other, or electronic collaboration systems which allow different work groups to communicate face to face with each other and work on projects via a network of computers regardless of the geographical location. Another important branch of Office Automation Systems is Telecommuting which now makes It possible for employees to work from home or distant locations avoiding long distance travelling, traffic by connecting to the organization’s local or wide area network. One of the greater advantages of telecommuting is that it allows organization to use the untapped pool of the handicapped people and single parents who for reasons of their own cannot come to the work place. Other advantages of Office Automation Systems is that it also incorporates image processing and presentation and multimedia soft wares like PowerPoint, SPC Harvard Graphics etc which allow the users to edit and integrate both image and texts, videos etc and share it using work collaboration systems. Another important advantage of group collaboration soft wares in this era of globalization is that it allows work groups to work on and share information and coordinate activities at same place same time or different place, different times ensuring a smooth work flow through out the wide spread organization. Although Office automation and group collaboration software make work life a lot easier for us, yet one has to be cautious about the limitations they offer along with the advantages. The soft wares can be used for personnel use unrelated to work. For example instant messaging can be used to discuss topics other than work which wastes both time and office resources. As far as group ware is concerned they can be expensive, may require extensive training, mat not support the rapid changes in technology and due to the availability of company related information with different people at different places it can also lead to a leak in critical information. Therefore, after realizing the importance of automates software and group collaborative system which without any doubt increase work productivity and make coordination of various work activities very easy for us, one must be aware that it does come with certain limitations for which caution should be exercised. After all, information is a critical asset which needs proper management.

Should online degrees be considered to be equal to college or Essay

Should online degrees be considered to be equal to college or university campus degrees - Essay Example line communication or teaching takes place only in the verbal form whereas in classroom teaching communication is taking place both in verbal and nonverbal form. It is often said that the amount of information communicated though nonverbal channels is more than that communicated through verbal channels. In short, online courses cannot offer effective communication between the teacher and the student. Online courses can offer only theoretical knowledge whereas college courses can offer both theoretical and practical knowledge. In order to learn a topic properly, both theoretical and practical knowledge are essential. In other words, online degree holders may not have proper practical knowledge compared to the regular college degree holders. The credibility of online degree cannot be equated against that of a university degree. Online degrees are provided by legitimate and illegitimate institutions whereas university degree is provided only by the legitimate sources. Proponents of online degree are of the view that online degrees and university degrees have not many differences. In the case of online degrees in art subjects, the above argument seems to be valid up to certain extent. However, it should be noted that science degrees earned through online courses may not have the backing of practical knowledge and therefore it cannot be equated against the science degrees from regular colleges or

Television is the most important source of news for young people Essay

Television is the most important source of news for young people today.to what extent do you agree - Essay Example By the year 2011, Dahlgren (2013) reports that internet was the number one source of news among young people in the world. For many years, television held this position. However, technological growth and development has shifted young people towards computers, mobile phones, and other digital platforms. The importance of television as the source of news, therefore, exhibits a declining trend. Young people have increasingly become socially interactive. On internet platforms, these young generations can engage with persons from around the world. The possibility and ease of interacting with global communities makes internet a better choice for the young people. Most importantly, internet news does not require access to televisions. Many different devices that support internet make it easier to access news and information without necessarily being at home. This provision makes internet news way easier, effective, and convenience to people moving from one place to another. Differences between television and internet functionalities are critical to account for as far as news is concerned. For many years, changes and developments in the television industry have not been as rapid as the emergence and growth of internet use. A significant magnitude of television broadcasting practices remains traditional, while internet and computer-based practices keep changing from tine to time. These changes consequently create alternatives that young people are swift to exploit. High television consumption among young people is still common across the globe. Critical to note, however, is that television use among young people encompasses more than just watching news. Creativity and innovation among the young people has diversified television use to encompass business and entertainment. The downside of this move is that television viewing is increasingly becoming a practice that takes place after a busy day’s work. Amid such observations, young people still

Key aspects of Formation of a Persecuting Society and No god but God Term Paper

Key aspects of Formation of a Persecuting Society and No god but God - Term Paper Example The violence started after the death of Prophet Muhammad on various issues. The violence was not just on individual level, but it was the institutional, governmental and judicial too. It was between the groups of people of different race, religion and lifestyle. Same situation was there in Europe after the fall of Roman Empire. Around 1100 Europe had become a persecuting society. Persecution was the common phenomenon in the history of Islam and Christianity. It is one of the characteristics of barbarian society which has left all the signs of civilization behind. The stories of persecutions are famous in European as well as the history of Islam. The books such as â€Å"No God But God,† written by Reza Aslan or the book â€Å"The Formation of a Persecuting Society,† written by R.I. Moore, are among the finest elaborations of the persecution society in medieval Europe and Middle East countries. Key words: Persecution, Islam, Christianity State system connected to Islam an d Christianity: Muslim community was growing rapidly at the time of the death of Muhammad. But the community had become orphan and leaderless. Due to the extension of an unmanageable condition the community was likely to face anarchy. Thus Muslim community was undergoing a turbulent phase after Muhammad’s sad demise. ... It was a great threat to the political stability of Ummah. Hence the first and major task in such circumstances was to find someone who could replace Muhammad and maintain the stability and integrity of the community. Lots of discussions started arising. It was also suggested that the leadership should be dual, i.e. one is from Mecca and another is from Medina. But it was also unacceptable. After the discussion the person was selected to be the leader of the community and it was Abu Bakr. He was given the title of Caliph. A Caliph was regarded as the â€Å"Trusty† or â€Å"Agent† of God. Out of the religious need, the political system was established in Arabian Peninsula and the community chaos thus ended. The political system thus placed on the foundation of religion. Christianity was prevalent in Middle East before the rise of Islam. But in Muslim Spain some period was there in which intolerance towards Christianity became so strong that it resulted religious persecut ions. Islamic laws there, were not allowing Jews as well as Christians to promote their religious faith in public. But these prohibitions affected Christian as compared to Jews. That might be the reason according to Reza Aslan that Christianity disappeared from the Islamic region. On the other hand the least affected Jews became prosperous and their community increased. Islam and Christianity are the two religions connected with each other historically and traditionally. The two religions have their origin in the Middle East itself. Islam started spreading and expanding hastily in all over Middle East after the death of Prophet Muhammad. Christianity also spread in Europe after the fall of Roman Empire. Some have opined that the fall

Latin American Countries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Latin American Countries - Essay Example Native inhabitants were powerless against the superior firearm and the onslaught of foreign disease leading to their colonization. The previously free spirited populace was organized into communities and were made as labourers in gold mines and plantations. Their rights were limited and their life left to the whims of the captors. There were many excesses on the part of the victors and many sacrifices on the part of the conquered. Nevertheless, they would continue to bear this yolk as their beliefs and grudges were tempered by religious missions which instilled superstitious beliefs and damned all those who tried to break free from the system. Yet, even that could not prevent the inevitable. With the weakening of Spain and Portugal in the face of its French adversary and the rise of nationalistic sentiments, it was not long before the populace rebelled against those who have wronged them. This paper aims at investigating the fight for independence of three South American countries namely Mexico, Brazil and Chile. I am to discuss their colonial background and then highlight the similarities and difference in their fight for independence. I will also be discussing the possible reasons behind these so as to provide a more critical perspective regarding the history of the three nations. Brazil became a Portuguese colony by the early... The region soon became a major sugar, gold and diamond exporter. Brazil's road to independence started in September 1821 when Don Pedro, a Portuguese himself, defied the ruling of the Cortes in Portugal which placed the Kingdom of Brazil under direct control of Lisbon. The first confrontation involved the loyal- to-Lisbon troops and thousands of armed Brazilians. There was no bloodshed as Dom Pedro ordered the Portuguese commanding general and his soldiers to go back to Portugal. Bloodshed occurred in uprisings in other regions. Fuelled by being branded as traitors by Lisbon, Don Pedro finally declared independence in September 7, 1822 when he swore:"By my blood, by my honour, and by God: I will make Brazil free." Britain and Portugal recognized Brazilian independence by signing a treaty on August 29, 1825. (Cavaliero, 1993) Mexico's path to independence was much more violent than that of Brazil. Mexico experienced a decade long war starting with an armed conflict between the people of Mexico and Spanish colonial authorities on September 16, 1810. The Mexican War of Independence movement was led by Mexican-born Spaniards, Afro-mexicans and mestizos who sought independence from Spain. It started as an idealistic peasants' rebellion against their colonial masters, but finally ended as an unlikely alliance between conservative Spaniards not wanting to recognize the new head in their motherland and the Creoles (Spaniards born in Mexico) who instigated the cry for independence. Representatives of the Spanish crown and the head of the Mexican alliance signed on August 24, 1821 the Treaty of Crdoba which recognized Mexican independence. (Ruiz, 1992) Chile's move for independence came about when news of Napoleon's advance into Spain and the deposing of the

International business DISCUSSION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

International business DISCUSSION - Essay Example While they are out, HR professionals should contemplate on how much the expatriates rely on them and the impact of their personal touch they have. Organizations should invest in global awareness training and educate employees who are involved in global operations at all levels. The HR should give achievable expectations and be clear about post-assignment obligations. The role of the HR professional is to make the expat understand what the assignment, he/she is going to undertake. Expatriates should get predeparture assistance and consultations for expats and their families. It will be a good practice if basic language skills and intercultural training be provided to the expatriates (Tyler 98). Providing good strategies for expatriates such as a reasonable budget and a selection of support services would be a good approach. It spends employers’ money intelligently, and their families would confide in the business as they think the company recognizes the challenges the families go through. HR professional ought to enable mentor relationships amongst expatriates and establish systems to give incentives to mentors. Carl says, "Some of the expats I worked with had terrible times coming back; there was nothing available to them" (2006). Getting an expatriate home safely is an important cause to the expatriate, his/her family and the sponsoring organization (Tyler 100). An expatriate will experience emotional and professional challenges that deter an unbroken return and can result to their resignation. HR professional(s) has a mandate to make the expats feel lucky to have their job at the

Film Induced Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Film Induced Tourism - Essay Example In this report, the main focus will be on a case study, â€Å"Sea Change in Barwon Heads.† Barwon heads is a small suburb where a popular television series, â€Å"Sea Change† was filmed. The issues and controversies at Barwon Heads will be discussed associated with this television series, which induced tourism in that area. Moreover, an analysis of these issues on hospitality and tourism sector will be discussed along with its implication on society in the 21st century (Beeton, 2001). An overview: Issues and Controversies in Film Induced Tourism Most of the people who have an interest in films festival visit different countries to gain experience of their culture and values that are being depicted through these films. The main focus of film induced tourist festival is to be successful in promoting good quality films, which can convert large audiences, who come to see these movies, into tourists (Claudia-Elena & Puiu, 2011). There can be many issues that the tourist sect or may have while promoting their films like; Finding which films or television series that can promote tourist activities and gather large audiences (Claudia-Elena & Puiu, 2011). If the tourist activity will subside once the film has reached its popularity level. If tourists will be attracted towards a site where there are shooting locations. Managing tourism during screening to encourage more tourists (Claudia-Elena & Puiu, 2011). How a tourist sector and film industry can work together to promote tourism. Highlighting and understanding the significance of tourism and film industry on the economy of a country can resolve these issues. There is also a need to understand how tourism has its effect on filming and vice versa. By studying these areas, tourism can be marketed effectively. Case Study: How film induced tourism has an impact on attitudes of a community Mostly People are inclined towards entertainment and celebrities and their perceptions are linked with these figures of th e film industry. When the tourist sector hosts a film it has socio-cultural effects on the people, which can be seen in changing perceptions of visitors about the destination. These perceptions are changing due to interaction among the hosts and guests while understanding the differences in their culture (Busby & Klug, 2001). However, there are changes in the behavior of the hosts and guests, which can have an impact on the community. The case of Australian television Series; Sea Change provides an understanding on the issues of physical changes that took place at the Victorian coastal village of Barwon Heads where this film was shooting. Moreover, the impact of this television series on residents and tourism sector will be discussed (Coast, 2013). Australian Television Series: Sea Change When the television series â€Å"Sea Change† was screened, the show gained immense popularity (SeaChange, 2010), and there was increased visitation at Barwon Heads, where the series was bein g filmed (Beeton, 2001). There were many studies through surveys and interviews that were conducted that showed the effects of these visitations on local residents. These studies were drawn after the screening finished and showed the issues and attitudes of local people and visitors at Barwon Heads. The opinions, which were generated, presented the impacts of â€Å"

Explain Steps in Organizational Changes Process Essay Example for Free

Explain Steps in Organizational Changes Process Essay There are four steps in organizational changes process. The management of change involves determining the needs for changes, determining the obstacles to change, implementing change, and evaluating change. Explaining steps in organizational change process are as follows: First, the organization may determine the needs for changes to make organization more responsive, flexible and competitive. Before the changing, the organization should find the gap between performance objectives and actual performance, and uses some indicators, which like total net profit, sales per employee, and labor costs, to measure the gap in order to decide whether the organization needs to change. Second, the organization need to identify the obstacles, which like resisting changes at organization, division or individual level, Unions resistance, the culture, strategies and structures of the organization, and financial ability, to introduce new policies and practices when the organization need to changes. For example, for the financial ability, HR manager expects to introduce new technology to make the organization more competitive. However, the organization doesn’t have enough subsidies to afford all staffs to learn new skills. Therefore, the organization should identify all potential barriers. Third, the organization should consider which methods to implement in the change to reduce the resistance from managers or employees. The organization can use internal managers or external consultants to carry out the changes. The internal managers have more knowledgeable about people and business operations, but the internal managers often are too narrow to successfully introduce change. Besides, the external consultants are politically neutral and possessing broader and have more knowledgeable viewpoints, but the external consultants do not know the organization and its staff. Therefore, the organization should measure which method is more suitable for the organization. Moreover, the organization should use Top-Down or Bottom-Up approach to implement the changes. The Top-Down approach which managers need to involve in decision and implementation, this approach emphasizes on speed and action. This approach shows the low-level staff just participates in the changes, but top-level managers are made decisions. The Bottom-Up approach which involves considerable discussion and consultation with managers and employees, it emphasizes participation, communication, and the minimizations of uncertainty. This approach makes the staff have more motivations and satisfactions. Therefore, the organization should choose which approach to implement the changes. Last, to measure the effectiveness of changes, the organization use some indicators, like employee productivity, job satisfaction, sales, to compare the before and after situations to analyze and control the outcome. For example, when the organization implemented the change, it can compare the sales this year and last year to evaluate the effectiveness of the change. Therefore, the organization can utilize different indicators to evaluate the effectiveness of the change. The organization should change regularly as the business environment is constantly changing. However, some of reasons why the employees sometimes resistant to change are followings: If I were a HR manager, I would handle this situation with different methods to help the employees. As a HR manager, I would communicate with the employees to reduce the influences of them. Some employees may resist changing because they feel incapable of performing well under the new way of doing things like using high technology, and they do not understanding what is happening or why. Therefore, I would communicate with them to reduce their resistances. As a HR manager, I would participate with the employees to attend some lessons or courses, which are provided by the organization. It is because some of them may feel work overload and loss of face when they faced the change. They may feel that they are physically or mentally unable to handle the change and feel uncomfortable. Thus, I would participate with them to support them to change. As a HR manager, I would organize some channels, which like meetings, memos, E-mails, and social network, to let the employees know why the organization needs to change in order to reduce their resistances and angers. In the channels, I would tell them the high technology only less skills required, the change can carry lower pay rate. So I would organize some channels to reduce their fear of the unknown. As a HR manager, I would negotiate with the organization to provide the counseling for the lay-off employees to lower negative emotions. Some of them may feel that their pay and benefits may be reduced or they may lose their job as the economic downturn. Thus, I would require the organization provide counseling to give them comfort. As a HR manager, I would negotiate with the organization providing rewards when the employees accepted some required. The organization needs to introduce some high technology as an example, if some of them, who accepted the requirement, may have opportunities to increase their pays or promotion. Therefore, I would utilize some rewards to attract them. Therefore, as a HR manager, I am not only monitoring organization’s environment, but also I should communicate with employees.

Organizations Environmental Impacts Of Change Management Essay

Organizations Environmental Impacts Of Change Management Essay An organization can be defined as the social entity that has purpose. It has a boundary where participants are considered as insiders and while are called outsiders, all the participants are in to a define structure. A group people brought together for the purpose of achieving of certain objectives. As the basic unit of organization is the rather than the role of a person in it organization is maintained an existence, sometimes over a long period of time, despite many changes of members.(Statt, 1991).Human resource is a part of a company and its strategic plan. A strategic leadership necessitate when change is required in ABF limited. Strategic leader should be a proactive in an organization. Change is about survival of an organization. Organizations environmental impacts of change The organization change, by the emissive pressure of competition, by the sharp economics changes, globalization, changes in the technologies. By this organizations are continually reshaping worldwide. Due to the continuous changes in the software developments increased the demand of information and communication playing major challenge of building a consistency worldwide. Organization environment influenced by the political environment, technological environment, and social environment. All factors, including institutions, groups, individuals, events and so on, that are outside the organization being analyzed ,but have a potential impact on that organization.(Tush man ,1988).these factors are influencing the organization to draw attention towards a change in one or more elements. It leads to the consequent changes in a organization. By vast changes in the technology, the organization are triggered to change in there structure. Globalization is one of the factors. By introducing new technologies in an organization there will be scope of introduce a new production process. These lead to the computerization process. All these factors lead to a change in an organization the political environment plays an enormous influence to change an organization, the rapid change in government polices, public sectors and the attitudes, behaviour of people with in are t he factors triggering for a change. Demographic changes, Social expectations for increase in the standard of living influencing for a change. Organization operates in three types of environment namely temporal environment, external environment and internal environment. Temporal environment influences the organization in two ways. The first one is task oriented such as task oriented time, product design time, system process and value oriented. The second one is a specific way. It goes though the life cycle of an organization. Political, economic, technological and social cultural environment all these factors are the physical one. These come under external environment. Inner environment is first line responses that occurred in the temporal and external environment. It operates in multidimensional environments. Due to this human resource is under pressure. A perfect strategic leader can bring a change in the ABF limited. A clear sense and mission is essential in the ABF LTD. A flat organization structure has to follow. Human resources should play more that a one role in ABF LTD. It should analyze the current situation. Mainly it should look into leadership styles, intra and inter groups relationship motivation and commitment of the employees of the ABF LTD SOFT HRM PRACTICES: To resolve a problem is to select a course of action that yields an outcome that is good enough, that satisfies (Ackoffz). Soft HRM characterised by indirect control of employees. It gives prominence to strategies and plans for gaining the employee commitment towards the company mission, plans, and trading conditions. In these employee increasingly involves in how the work carried out. In includes the creating and shaping of culture of the organization. It will create a clear integration between the employee values and organization goals. HR specialties involves in this process. It focuses on the social and human side of an organisation and total system change .it relies on action research model. Top level management involves and participate actively. It relays on a standard blue print that how to change can be done. It seeks to the betterment of individual and organization. For accomplish the task in a organization it considers all kinds of teams .Its a planned changed process. Its a long term process and change is needs to sustain over for a long time period. (Barbara et al, ) Change in culture Organizational culture refers to the personality of a firm, i.e., what makes the organization unique in the eyes of insiders and outsiders. While there are many definitions of culture, the common theme is the presence of shared values, beliefs, assumptions, and patterns of behaviour (c.f., Schein 1992).Firms culture and human resources management exits a relationship between them. They affect one other. Compensation, staffing, training and evaluation are the four polices of the human resources effect the organization culture. In ABF Ltd there is no significant organization culture. There is a need to change in the culture. There is a need of realign of culture in ABF LTD. SHRM first need to establish a basic underlying assumptions and a shift in values or this strategies can be change, if there is possibility in another way. Human resources should able to produce an adequate resources to change a culture in organization. SHRM should pay more attentions in culture change programmes in organizations trade unions and employee associations. SHRM must take account in the existing practices such as an approach towards to the training, performance and to the recruitment process. A bottom approach of change in culture in ABF LTD. It creates a trust and understanding between the employees. It involves in implications and proposals. Its and high in long run. It focuses more on the problems. Scope of high transformation change in employee in an organization.(Barbira) Change in communications: Communication involves in both giving out of message from person and it receives message to the other person .Communications play an important role in an organisation. Communication can be a verbal, oral, it can be a context, it can be a means of an electrical (email or text boards). Generally communication may be an opinion, feedback, information or an emotional text. In ABF ltd there is a communication gap between the employers and the managers. The purpose to introduce communication in ABF is to It can provide the solutions for the problems raised. Manager can understand the employees It helps in the motivation, contribution and participation of an employee Good communication can improve the organisation performance, improve management and decision making, it improve employees performance and commitment, helps greater trust and increase job satisfaction ACAS (2000) In ABF ltd, its lacking the upward and downward communications. The upward and downward strategy can help in improve communications in the ABF ltd. This will make to understand each other rand they can communicate easily. This makes to understand the polices of an organisation. In drastic change in technology an web page should be introduced in the ABF ltd. Employees can be communicate easily electrically ( emails) It will bring an drastic change in communication in ABF LTD. By electrically based communication employee can receive the data and can communicate it in any part of the world. By these it can give the reviews of the programs, managers problem on the contonpary problems and it can give the outline proposals for the future activities (Torrington, 2002). Leadership Manger deals with their employees in different ways. An organisation can work rightly when there is good leader. There are three categories in leadership styles. Autocratic managers do not trust the employs. They pass the orders to low level management, there will be one way communication, and important decisions will be made by the manager. There are many limitations in autocratic managers. Second one is Paternalistic managers. Give more attention towards to the employee, social views and they get the feedback from the employs. Final decision will be taken by the manager. Third one is Democratic managers. Encourages in making the decisions by the employee and also leaders in the sub ordinates, there will be two way communications. Managers trust the employee. In the ABF limited a democratic leader should be introduced. It will lay a mutual communication between the top level and low level management. By this kind of leadership employee can make their own decisions. Employee can get motivated by this and increase in the performance of an employee. Appraisal System: Assessment is the process by which data are collected and reviewed about an individual employees past and current work behaviour and performance.(John,1994). Appraisal of an employee can be given by assessing him. Appraisal decision in an organization can be taken, by taking the feedback from the employees, performance and outputs of an individual employee; its an information system process. By implementing the V rooms theory for appraisal system in to the ABF LTD. There should be an value of reward, it depends upon the people strength and outcomes, the rewards given by the organization should be dependent upon on the value of the individual outcomes, at the lower levels roles and responsibilities should be give to the right person , it should not influence by the effort, look into the effective performance. Rewards system produces the job satisfaction and improves the job performance, these rewards can get employee job satisfaction.(John , 2002) Motivation Motivation plays an important role in an organization. Motivation of the work depends on working conditions, salary, company policy, interpersonal working relationships. to motivate the employees there is an need of good leader to motivate the employees By reviewing the Herzberg two factor theory, motivation can bring into the ABF Ltd, Considering the factors de motivating them, factors motivating the employees such as job security , polices of an organization, working conditions. By motivating the employee he/her feels responsibility towards the job, increase in job prospects and performance( Bratton et al ,1994) Training Programmes: Shortages of skills of employees, vast increase in the technology, product quality and adaptability are the some of reasons that lead to training programmes. No training programmes running under ABF LTD. Employee development as a part of the organisation s over all human resources strategy means the skilful provision and organization of learning experiences in the work place in order that performance can be improved, that work goals can be achieved and that through enhancing the skills knowledge, learning ability and enthusiasm of people at every level, there can be continues individual growth. Employee development must, there fore, be [art of a wider strategy for the business, aligned with the organisations corporate mission and goals. [Rosemary Harrison, 1993].in an organisation level its important that employee must work to optimum level of performance. SHRM have to under take the training programs in an organisation. If the employee is unable to perform to his optimum level the b est remedy is training programs. A different variety of methods can be implemented of job analysis that is suitable to implement training programs. By the training employee can reach his performance level. For the training programs, job analysis have to used for an employee feels performance is adequate. Where there are facing the problems and any difficulties in the knowledge and skills. Such type of approaches can be feasible to understand the employee. These training programs can feel more committed towards to the learning experience that can be recertifying the difficulties .Training programs can play a dual role in an organization. It will motivate and improve the performance of the employee. It will give in change in environment. If ABF LTD introduce the training programmes there will b improve in the increase in quality, employee can more motivated towards work, less scrap and it will create more productivity. Change in Technology and it impacts Due to the increase in the technology, IT services have become part of the Human resources. It influenced the human resources in every aspect of work in day to day life. With increase in technology in human resources there is a decline in costs in many aspects like employee can accesses to the information regarding the job, pay roll s; it creates more efficiency for the human resources department. It allows a form of one to one relationship between the organization and the employees. When Technology is being implemented in an organization, it does not limit to a certain limit and it can improve the performance of an employee. The layer of technology can connect the different types of application. It will create a work flow. Technology can be a tool to facilitate to generate the performance of an employee. It can be a valuable tool for training and development. Payroll, time and labour management and employee benefits can be operated smoothly by introducing human resources information system into an organization. This will permit a squeal history of an employee, his/ her performance, personal details and payroll details. It gathers the information such as attendance; pay check holdings, various deductions. Employees information available 24 x 7. It analyzes the performance of an employee. It maintains up to date information of an employee. Its been part of a human resource management. Employee benefits are very important to an organization. It can able to track weather employee are benefiting provided. This system benefits from paper work. Now a days technology has been a major impact on the employee growth. In the areas like computer based testing and work place collaboration. Technology is been used for the employee training and the for the product development. By the technology we can retrieve the employee previous work history and his performance. Technology enhances the capability of the human resources. By the technology the employees information can keep in secured. Total Quality Management: Total quality management play an important role in on organization. Due to the globalization companies are driving towards to the quality of the product and customer satisfaction. HRM should perform a crucial change in the terms of total quality management in ABF ltd. Human resources should attract the senior management for long time training progress to attain the good quality of product. Hr should provide training to improve the quality. The functional strategy of TQM should focus on the every employee of an organization. Improving the Quality of a product is a continues process. HRM plays an important role in maintains a quality of product. HRM should emphasis on the other departments who are making a continuing improvement in service. To maintain the total quality HRM should include the customer suggestions.HRM should conduct the periodic surveys to attain the TQM. The hr should concern about the every department and undertake continually to improve the performance. HR has to mon itor by inspecting the small samples of the product. To motivate the employees HRM has to design appraisal and reward system based on the performance. The consultants were looking at following five areas planned maintenance policies, quality assurance, utilization of machine setters and technicians, information and control systems, Manufacturing organization. Firstly an organization has look into the communications, communications plays an important role. By implementing Soft HRM practices ABF ltd for long run sustainability and for future aspects. Without communications the low level management cannot communicate with the high level management and vice versa. This will lead to de motivation of employees. There should be change in culture it create a trust between the employees. By introducing democratic managerial style there will be improvement in performance of employees. By introducing the training programs and technology will bring drastic changes in employees like increase in performance, individual skill and employee get there job satisfaction. By introducing the total quality management in an organization there will be full control in the quality, so that customers can satisfy with products these will enhance in growth in business. By applying these changes there will growth in the business and change is for survival. Conclusion: In conclusion, according to the case study ABF Ltd is bad situation because of its lacking in communications, co-ordination between the top level management, lacking of technology. So its important to HR director to implement new strategies. It should to implement in a correct time. HR direct need of taking the proactive steps and reactive approach. In business planning its requires a proper planning and action rather than the reacting to the present condition in an organization. A change has to initiate as a SHRM of the organization. The human resources should assist the ABF LTD to change. Weather changes can come unexpectedly; it may come from the external environment or internal environment. It can be in any form, employee must adapt and so too human resources. Human resources should update the technology and able to adopt in the organization. The critical issue HR should gain strategic approach. The Human resource professional should be strategic partner , proactive when forecast ing ,managing and adapting to change Word Count :2786